MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS

UNIT I

Microwave Network Analysis

• Equivalent voltages and currents
• even and odd properties of driving point impedance 
• input reflection coefficient
• Impedance and Admittance matrices for an N-Port network
• Derivation of conditions for reciprocal and lossless networks in terms of impedance and admittance parameters and matrices. 

Scattering Parameters and Scattering matrix:

• Scattering matrix in terms of impedance matrix and vice-versa. 
• Conditions for reciprocity and loss less ness in terms of S-Parameters and S-matrix. 
• Shift in reference plane. 
• ABCD parameters of some useful two-port circuits. 

UNIT II 

Impedance Matching and Filter Implementation

• L Networks-analytic solutions 
• smith chart solutions
• Lumped elements for microwave integrated circuits. 
• Tapered lines-exponential tapes
• triangular tapes and K loop function tapes.

Filters: 

• Design of Insertion loss-based Chebyshev and Butterworth low-pass, high-pass, band pass 
• and band-stop filters in terms of normalization filter component values. 
• Filter design using Richard's design and implementation, transformation, 
• stepped impedance low-pass filters. 

UNIT III

Three-Port and Four-Port networks:

• S matrices of general three-port networks and four-port networks.
• Analysis of lossless power dividers and resistive dividers
• Analysis of Wilkinson power dividers
• Single-hole and double-hole directional couplers
• analysis of quadrature hybrid. 

UNIT IV

Microwave diodes, Transistors and Tubes (No derivations)

Diodes: 

• Operating principle and applications of PIN diodes
• Gunn diode, (No derivations) 

Transistors: 

• Operating principle and applications of bipolar junction transistors 

Tubes: 

• Operating principle and applications of Klystrons
• reflex klystrons 
• TWTs.

Microwave amplifiers, Oscillators, Mixers and Frequency Multipliers

Amplifiers: 

• Single -stage transistor amplifier design for maximum power. 

Oscillators: 

• Negative resistance-based oscillators, 
• Transistor oscillators
• Frequency multipliers Reactive diode multipliers (include Manley-Rowe relations)

Mixers: 

• Single ended diode mixers.

UNIT-V 

Optical Fiber Transmission Media

• Optical Fiber types
• Light Propagation
• Optical fiber Configurations
• Optical fiber classifications
• Losses in Optical Fiber cables
• Light Sources
• Optical Sources
• Light Detectors
• LASERS
• WDM 
• Concepts, Optical Fiber System link budget

TEXTBOOK

1. Microwave Engineering by Pozar

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